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George Castriot, commonly known as Skanderbeg (from (トルコ語:İskender Bey); (アルバニア語:Skënderbej) or ''Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu'', ; 1405 – 17 January 1468), was a 15th-century Albanian nobleman. Skanderbeg was born in 1405 to the noble Kastrioti family. Sultan Murad II took him hostage at a young age and he served the Ottoman Empire during the next twenty years. He was appointed as sanjakbey of the Sanjak of Dibra by the Ottomans in 1440. In 1443, he deserted the Ottomans during the Battle of Niš and became the ruler of Krujë, Svetigrad, and Modrič. In 1444, he was appointed as a commander of the short-lived League of Lezhë, which proclaimed him "Chief of the League of the Albanian people". He was admired for defending the region of Albania against the Ottoman Empire for 25 years. Despite his military valor he was not able to do more than to hold his own possessions within the very small area in northern Albania where almost all of his victories against the Ottomans took place. Skanderbeg's rebellion was not a general uprising of Albanians, due to the fact that he did not gain support in the Ottoman-controlled south of Albania or Venetian-controlled north of Albania. His followers, along with Albanians, included Slavs, Vlachs, and Greeks. For 25 years, from 1443 to 1468, Skanderbeg's 10,000 man army marched through Ottoman territory winning against consistently larger and better supplied Ottoman forces. In 1451, he recognized ''de jure'' the suzerainty of the Kingdom of Naples through the Treaty of Gaeta, to ensure a protective alliance, although he remained a ''de facto'' independent ruler.〔 In 1460–1461, he participated in Italy's civil wars in support of Ferdinand I of Naples. In 1463, he became the chief commander of the crusading forces of Pope Pius II, but the Pope died while the armies were still gathering. Together with Venetians he fought against the Ottomans during the Ottoman–Venetian War (1463–79) until his death in January 1468. Skanderbeg's military skills presented a major obstacle to Ottoman expansion, and he was considered by many in western Europe to be a model of Christian resistance against the Ottoman Muslims. ==Name== Skanderbeg's name appears in various Latin sources as ''Georgius Castriotus Scanderbegus''〔http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/20vs/205_Du_Cange/1610-1688,_Du_Cange_C,_Historia_Byzantina_Familiae_Byzantinae_Index,_LT.pdf〕 or ''Zorzi Castrioti''. ''Gjergj'' is the Albanian equivalent of the name George. The form of his last name was given variously as Kastrioti, Castriota, Castriottis, or Castriot. The last name ''Kastrioti'' refers both to the Kastrioti family and to a municipality in northeastern Albania called Kastriot, in the modern Dibër District, from which the family's surname derives, having its origin in the Latin ''castrum'' via the Greek word ''Κάστρο'' ((英語:castle)). The Ottoman Turks gave him the name ''Iskender bey'', meaning "Lord Alexander", or "Leader Alexander", which has been rendered as ''Scanderbeg'' or ''Skanderbeg'' in the English versions of his biographies, and ''Skënderbeu'' (or ''Skënderbej'') is the Albanian version. Latinized in Barleti's version as ''Scanderbegi'' and translated into English as ''Skanderbeg'', the combined appellative is assumed to have been a comparison of Skanderbeg's military skill to that of Alexander the Great. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Skanderbeg」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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